Hip Fractures in the Elderly and Their Nursing Care

TEACHING UNIT 1. THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM IN OLD AGE The Musculoskeletal System – The Musculoskeletal System in Old Age – Anatomy of the Hip Conditions in the Elderly – Joint Disorders – Para-articular and extra-articular pathologies: tendinitis – Bone pathologies: osteoporosis TEACHING UNIT 2. MOVEMENT AND GAIT DISORDERS IN THE ELDERLY Distinguishing Between Physiological Aging and Gait and Movement Disorders – Gait and Movement Disorders and the Risk of Falls Gait Disorders Classification and Clinical Characteristics of Gait Disorders Diagnosis and Management of Gait Abnormalities – Observing posture and gait – Determining the presence of involuntary movements – Muscle tone – Muscle strength – Coordination of movements (ataxia) Movement disorders Movement disorders associated with other neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly TEACHING UNIT 3. FALLS AS THE LEADING CAUSE OF HIP FRACTURES IN THE ELDERLY Falls in the elderly: the leading cause of fractures – What are instability and falls? Importance and Impact of Falls Causes of Falls in Older Adults and Predisposing Factors What Measures Can We Take? – Primary Prevention – Secondary Prevention – Tertiary Prevention Information Sheet for Patients and Family Members TEACHING UNIT 4. HIP FRACTURE Hip fracture – Some physical therapy interventions for hip fractures Pelvis – Pelvic fractures – Some physical therapy interventions for pelvic fractures Diagnosis and Treatment of Hip Fractures TEACHING UNIT 5. OSTEOPOROSIS AND HIP FRACTURES The Concept of Osteoporosis Classification of Osteoporosis – Primary Osteoporosis – Secondary Osteoporosis Clinical Manifestations of Osteoporosis Diagnosis Treatment Relationship Between Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis TEACHING UNIT 6. NURSING CARE IN THE ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OF HIP FRACTURES The Nursing Care Process (NCP) – Stages of the NCP Assessment of the Elderly Patient’s General Condition – Body temperature – Respiration – Pulse – Blood pressure Physical examination – Data collection Nursing Care During Hospitalization and Patient Intervention – Nursing Care in the Different Phases of Hip Fracture Treatment TEACHING UNIT 7. REHABILITATION AS PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF A HIP FRACTURE Rehabilitation as Prevention and Treatment Rehabilitation as a Medical Specialty – Areas of Clinical Expertise – The Professional Practice of Rehabilitation Medicine – The Rehabilitation Paradigm Rehabilitation Treatment for Fractures – Overview of rehabilitative treatment for fractures – Rehabilitative exercises for the hip – Rehabilitative treatment for hip replacements TEACHING UNIT 8. FALL PREVENTION IN THE ELDERLY. NUTRITION AND EXERCISE The Importance of Proper Nutrition and Physical Exercise in Fall Prevention Dietary Recommendations for Bone Strengthening The Importance of Exercise in Old Age – Exercise and Osteoporosis – Balance Exercises LEARNING UNIT 9. PREVENTING IMMOBILITY IN THE ELDERLY Preventing immobility in the elderly – Immobility in the elderly Definition of immobility Causes or contributing factors to immobility Consequences of Prolonged Immobility Home Modifications to Prevent Falls Prevention of Immobility TEACHING UNIT 10. PREVENTION OF PRESSURE ULCERS IN THE ELDERLY Definition of Pressure Ulcers Anatomical classification of pressure ulcers. Location – Location of pressure ulcers Factors contributing to the development of pressure ulcers Assessment Modified Norton Scale Prevention of pressure ulcers – Mobilization techniques for the elderly Interventions aimed at maintaining adequate mobility Therapeutic positions – Devices to reduce pressure General recommendations for healing at each stage. Nursing care – Specific products for the treatment of pressure ulcers