Tunnel Construction

TEACHING UNIT 1. A HISTORY AND INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF TUNNELS 1. Definition of a tunnel 2. Uses 3. History 4. Key factors in the advancement of underground engineering 5. Types of tunnels. Cross-sections 6. References TEACHING UNIT 2. CALCULATION METHODOLOGY 1. Introduction 2. Ground investigation and characterization 3. Calculation of tunnel portals 4. Tunnel calculations 5. Linings 6. Case studies 7. References TEACHING UNIT 3. CONSTRUCTION & EXCAVATION METHODS 1. The Technological Evolution of Tunneling 2. Traditional Methods 3. Drilling and Blasting 4. Mechanized Methods: Roadheaders and TBMs 5. Choice of Excavation Method 6. Stages of Excavation 7. References TEACHING UNIT 4. SUPPORTS & LININGS 1. Purpose and types of support 2. Wooden boards, props, and ribs 3. Steel sets and plates 4. Bolts and anchors 5. Shotcrete, welded wire mesh, and fibers 6. New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM) 7. Segmental ring 8. Linings 9. References TEACHING UNIT 5. IMPACT OF UNDERGROUND WORKS ON THE SURROUNDING AREA 1. Introduction 2. Calculation of settlement and cross-sectional loss 3. Instrumentation and monitoring of tunnels 4. Hydrogeological impact 5. References TEACHING UNIT 6. GROUND TREATMENTS AND REINFORCEMENT FOR UNDERGROUND WORKS 1. Introduction 2. Face treatments 3. Stabilization of the crown 4. Stabilization of the base 5. Measures to protect buildings